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|image_map2 = |capital = Yerevan |latd=40 |latm=10 |latNS=N |longd=44 |longm=31 |longEW=E |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''Mer Hayrenik'' |common_languages = Armenian |religion = Armenian Apostolic |currency = Armenian ruble |leader1 = Hovhannes Katchaznouni |leader2 = Alexander Khatisian |leader3 = Hamo Ohanjanyan |leader4 = Simon Vratsian |year_leader1 = Jun 1918–May 1919 |year_leader2 = May 1919–May 1920 |year_leader3 = May–Nov 1920 |year_leader4 = Nov–Dec 1920 |title_leader = Prime Minister |legislature = |house1 = |stat_year1 = mid-1918 (after the Treaty of Batum) |stat_pop1 = 500000 |stat_area1 = 11000 |stat_year2 = 1919 (after the Armistice of Mudros)〔〔Chiclet, Christophe (2005). "The Armenian Genocide" in ''Turkey Today: A European Country?'' Olivier Roy (ed.) London: Anthem Press. p. 167. ISBN 1-84331-173-9.〕 |stat_pop2 = 1300000 |stat_area2 = 70000 |stat_year3 = 1920 (per the Treaty of Sèvres; never realized) |stat_area3 = 160000 }} The First Republic of Armenia,〔 *(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sci.am/resorgs.php?oid=29 ) * * * * * * *〕 known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia (classical (アルメニア語:Հայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն)), was the first modern Armenian state since the fall of the Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375. The republic was established in the Armenian-populated territories of the disintegrated Russian Empire, known as Eastern Armenia or Russian Armenia. The leaders of the government came mostly from the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun). The First Republic of Armenia bordered the Democratic Republic of Georgia to the north, the Ottoman Empire to the west, Persia to the south, and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic to the east. It had a total land area of roughly 70,000 km² (174,000 km² under the Treaty of Sèvres), and a population of 1.3 million. The Armenian National Council under the leadership of Aram Manukian declared the independence of Armenia on 28 May 1918. From the very onset, Armenia was plagued with a variety of domestic and foreign problems. A humanitarian crisis emerged from the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide as tens of thousands of Armenian refugees from the Ottoman Empire settled there. The republic lasted for over two years, during which time it was involved in several armed conflicts caused by territorial disputes. By late 1920, the nation was conquered by the Soviet Red Army. The First Republic, along with the Republic of Mountainous Armenia which repelled the Soviet invasion until July 1921, ceased to exist as an independent state, superseded by the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic that became part of the Soviet Union in 1922. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the republic regained its independence as the current Republic of Armenia in 1991.〔''Armenia: A Historical Atlas'', by Robert H. Hewsen and Christoper C. Salvatico, 2001〕 == Background == The Russian offensive during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I and subsequent occupation and the creation of a provisional administrative government gave hope for ending Ottoman Turkish rule in Western Armenia. With the help of several battalions of Armenians recruited from the Russian Empire, the Russian army had made progress on the Caucasus Front, advancing as far as the city of Erzerum in 1916. The Russians continued to make considerable advances even after the toppling of Tsar Nicholas II in February 1917. In March 1917, the spontaneous revolution that toppled Tsar Nicholas and the Romanov dynasty established a caretaker administration, known as the Provisional Government. Shortly after, the Provisional Government replaced Grand Duke Nicholas' administration in the Caucasus with the five-member Special Transcaucasian Committee, known by the acronym Ozakom. The Ozakom included Armenian Democrat Mikayel Papadjanian, and was set to heal wounds inflicted by the old regime. In doing so, Western Armenia was to have a general commissar and was to be subdivided into the districts of Trebizond, Erzerum, Bitlis, and Van.〔Hovannisian. ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', pp. 75-80.〕 The decree was a major concession to the Armenians: Western Armenia was placed under the central government and through it under immediate Armenian jurisdiction. Dr. Hakob Zavriev would serve as the assistant for civil affairs and he in turn would see to it that most civil officials were Armenian. In October 1917, the Bolsheviks seized power from the Provisional Government and announced that they would be withdrawing troops from both the Western and Caucasus fronts.〔Hovannisian. ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p. 104.〕 The Georgians, Armenians and Muslims of the Caucasus all rejected the Bolsheviks' legitimacy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「First Republic of Armenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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